Biomarkers
Every measurement Vitals tracks, explained
One page per measurement: what it is, the reference ranges, what moves the number, and the published sources behind each threshold.
Blood pressure: what systolic and diastolic numbers mean
What systolic and diastolic blood pressure measure, the current hypertension thresholds, and what raises or lowers your reading.
Lipid panel: total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides
How to read a lipid panel — total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides — with target ranges and what each fraction predicts.
HbA1c: your three-month average blood sugar
What HbA1c measures, the prediabetes and diabetes thresholds, how it converts to average glucose, and when the test misleads.
BMI: what body mass index does and does not tell you
How BMI is calculated, the adult weight categories, the ethnicity-specific cut-offs, and why waist measurement often matters more.
Waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference
How to measure waist-to-hip ratio correctly, the WHO risk thresholds, and why abdominal fat predicts cardiometabolic risk better than BMI.
Cancer biomarkers: PSA, CA-125, CEA, AFP and CA 19-9
What the common tumour markers measure, their typical reference ranges, why they are poor screening tests, and when they are genuinely useful.
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The blog covers screening evidence, the prediabetes reversal window, cardiovascular risk models and how to read a lab report.
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